An Issue Of Academic Integrity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 814 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? This fall semester was my very first semester as a master’s student in the university. Being the first semester international student, it was probably the most difficult semester for me as I had to cope up with different education system and a different lifestyle which also included a peer pressure to excel in studies. Amidst this peer pressure to excel in studies and coping up with the different environment, I fell short of realizing how important ethics matter on a professional and academic level. I was caught cheating during my final exam of artificial Intelligence I in which I had carried previous semester’s question paper solutions. Back in my home country almost all the students have a habit of using question papers for reference and for better preparation of exams. Continuing the same culture, I ended up finding previous semester question papers online. It was an open exam and so I carried those notes to exam as well for reference and did not really think of it as an academic dishonesty. I completely understand that there are no excuses to cheating and I strongly believe that I should have been more careful, and I take responsibility for all my actions. Doing something like this in that moment did not really made me think about the consequences of my actions as somewhere down in my head it was not something wrong that I was doing. However, after being caught by my Professor and after going through the University Honor Code I do realize that cheating is a kind of dishonesty which I am not willing to choose never ever in the future. I would like to maintain integrity in all my actions and not do something so terrible in future. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Issue Of Academic Integrity" essay for you Create order Going on Disciplinary Probation and getting a grade of zero for that final exam therefore affecting the overall GPA of that subject were two consequences of the choice which I made, but apart from this the major consequence of my action is moral bankruptcy and damage of my reputation which I am facing in front of my Professor and parents. This incident had made me bring a positive change in my behavior. Firstly, I would be very careful and take responsibility of all my actions. Even though all the University policies were available for all the students, I did not pay attention and carelessly accessed previous semester’s question papers. An important lesson to learn cheating always results in losing self-respect, others’ trust and punishments. Being an honest person is more important and gracious in the long run of life. As, this choice was solely mine, so it has mainly impacted me emotionally, mentally and academically but a few people around me are being also affected by this. My peers and acquaintance who came to know about this experience of mine have known the results of this action and are also determined to never do something so terrible like this. Me and my peers have decided to strive to be successful and thorough in our endeavors, without taking shortcuts. I completely agree that cheating or any form of academic dishonesty is unacceptable, and every student is expected to comprehend and demonstrate what academic honesty consists of. The student conduct process has really helped me develop a deeper understanding of academic integrity. I agree to the fact that before this incident the definition of academic integrity was undeveloped, surface-level concept, but with the help of Virtual Academic Integrity Laboratory (VAIL) I understood that it is more complex than I could conceptualize. Moreover, writing down a reflection paper offered me the opportunity to consider this experience and shape my thinking and the acceptance of new understanding of academic integrity. I believe if I ever come across same scenario in the future, I would really like to make a different choice than the one which I made in this case. I would uphold my sense of morals and high ethical standards as I have realized how important ethics matter on a professional and academic level. Falling for short cuts is never going to help in the long run of life. In future, I would never try to access for previous semesters’ question papers or any other resources online which are against the University’s academic integrity policy. Moreover, I would ask my professor or the teaching assistant about any material which I am skeptical and if it could be carried to the examination hall or not. First and the foremost thing which I did to fix any negative impact of this incident was that I went through all the University’s academic integrity policy and comply with the standard guidelines as outlined so that I am fully aware about all the things that I am not allowed to do and hence no form of dishonesty is ever repeated by me intentionally or unintentionally in the future.

A Theory Of Counseling Children - 1421 Words

Kelly Jean Tucker HPC 5220 Theoretical Paper The following paper describes a theory of counseling children that incorporates aspects of developmental theory, person-centered , reality, and acceptance-commitment therapy (ACT). Main Philosophy: This theory is specifically geared towards working with children in a developmentally appropriate manner. A therapist must assess the developmental/individual needs of the child, the environment, and how the two interact. There are many levels in an environment such as hierarchies and roles that exist in a family. A therapist must conceptualize how these levels interact and how these interactions impact the child. For example, a child may be taught collectivistic values at home but is encouraged†¦show more content†¦A child’s thoughts and feelings may change as a result of therapy but thoughts or feelings do not need to change before overt behavior changes (Twohig, Hayes, Berlin, 2008, p.172). Key Concepts: This theory asserts that â€Å"children, from an early age, respond to thoughts and feelings as if they were real† (Twohig, Hayes, Berlin, 2008, p.175). In congruence with Acceptance-Commitment Therapy, a full range of thoughts and feelings are considered healthy and that it is okay to be vulnerable and experience psychological pain (Twohig, Hayes, Berlin, 2008). Similar to Erickson, crises are viewed as an opportunity for growth (Wenar Kerig, 2006). Thoughts and feelings are not viewed in all-or-none terms such as â€Å"good/bad† or â€Å"rational irrational† (Greco, Barnett, Blomquist, Gevers, 2008, p.190). All children have the potential to live well-adjusted lives. Maladjustment is a mismatch between a child’s developmental level, their needs, and their environment. A child may have the potential to succeed but is not currently in an environment that meets their particular needs. Children’s behavior, therefore, is a way of fulfilling th eir needs. Reality therapists support this assertion (Corey, 2010). For example, a child may be acting out in school due to not feeling accepted by their peers. The child may tease other children in retaliation or act out to receive negative attention from peers and adults. This theory also incorporates Piaget’s cognitive

My Sister Free Essays

I was three years old sitting in my front yard when one of my older sisters friends frantically comes out of nowhere and starts screaming incredibly loud towards me. I was only three, and had no idea what she was talking about. All I remember is her being completely bitter. We will write a custom essay sample on My Sister or any similar topic only for you Order Now So I was hopelessly sitting there taking it all in. Which is where my older sister Brooke burst in front of me with extreme anger and starts screaming right back at her and tells her to get lost. I felt so protected and safe by my sister that day, I miss having her around. It all started with this overwhelming feeling of being extremely claustrophobic. We arrived at the crowded airport at exactly five o’clock. Everyone crammed moving shoulder to shoulder. The plane was canceled so we had to stay shoulder to shoulder for two more long torturing hours. Finally, it was time for my big sister Brooke to get on her flight and leave for the extreme BMW ( basic military training). After this I would not be seeing my sister for several months. My sister and I are very close; It was very hard letting her go. As the plane flew miles away tears ran down my face like razor blades, my heart was cracking like someone had Just hit it with a hammer and chisel , and I had that horrible throbbing main in my throat where It hurts to swallow. After several torturous months of crying and praying for my sister, it was finally time to go see her graduate. Standing there In the excruciating sun on the curb waiting for all the airman to Jog by chanting with their running cadences with their powerful booming voices. Finally Brook’s flight jogged by and seeing her for the first time after those long months gave me so much happiness and Joy. The ceremony was pretty amazing. All that, Mitt’s (military training Instructors) gave long heart filled touching speeches which made my family and I cry. After all hose tears and amazing speeches each airman got granted a united States Alarm Force coin. After the 2 hour ceremony we finally got to go see our graduated Airman. My family and I were overwhelmed with Joy and couldn’t stop crying. After leaving the Alarm Force base we all went out to eat at a pizza parlor. After filling our stomachs with pizza and soda pop, Brooke told us all about BMW how It was hard and demanding but after a while she started to get used to It. Also how It was really good at times, because of all the new friends and people she had met. Brooke loved BMW and said It was a very good experience. After all the tears Brooke had cried, all the horrible pain she had suffered through, all the hard training she had to endure, all turned out to be worth It. From the time she protected and stood up for me when I was three until now Brooke has never let me down. Brooke Is, and always will be my sister, my airman, and my hero. My Sister By Nicknaming My sister and I are very close; it was very hard letting her go. As the plane flew pain in my throat where it hurts to swallow. After several torturous months of crying and praying for my sister, it was finally time to go see her graduate. Standing there in The ceremony was pretty amazing. All that, Mitt’s (military training instructors) those tears and amazing speeches each airman got granted a United States Air Force family and I were overwhelmed with Joy and couldn’t stop crying. After leaving the Air pizza and soda pop, Brooke told us all about BMW how it was hard and demanding but after a while she started to get used to it. Also how it was really good at times, because of all the new friends and people she had met. Brooke loved BMW and said it all the hard training she had to endure, all turned out to be worth it. From the time me down. Brooke is, and always will be my sister, my airman, and my hero. How to cite My Sister, Papers

Environmental Supplier Selection Process †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Environmental Supplier Selection Process? Answer: Introduction Organizations comprise of different departments and purchasing department is accountable for all the activities of purchasing. Purchasing department is one of the important departments in all the businesses because it affects the product cost that might reflects companies profit positively (Moser, 2007). This report explains different aspects of purchasing management of Prime supermarket, which is situated in Singapore. This report will emphasize on supplier selection criteria, cost of purchasing and use of information and communication technology, for purchasing operations and its management. Prime supermarket is among the first to launch the chain of local supermarket (Prime supermarket, 2017). In earlier years, prime supermarket used to have 5 mini complex outlets. In 1991, Prime supermarket occupied more than 10,000 sq. ft. area. It is the largest chain of supermarket in Singapore with 20 outlets expanded in all its island states (Prime supermarket, 2017). Prime supermarket compr ises of two trading areas, one focuses on import and provides seafood, meats and vegetables and another trading area focuses on acquiring stock according to the lifestyle of international consumer. Prime supermarket provides 24 hour services to their customers and also focuses on improving customer services. Presently, they are working on renovations of their stores. Mission of prime supermarket is to provide good services to their customers with good quality of product at affordable price (Prime supermarket, 2017). Supplier Selection and issues Purchasing is one of the important element in supermarket business. Purchasing officer is responsible as well as accountable for setting goals and taking related decisions, which helps in improving cost of the company (Weele, 2009). It is a difficult task for purchasing officer of prime supermarket to decide the value of their products, as they want to provide product at lower price by reducing the cost of supplies but they should not keep their prices very low as it will be considered as poor quality goods (Ouelch, Bonventre, 2017). Cost of the product also increases due to fixed assets. For Example machinery which requires a regular repair, leads to an increase in the cost of the product and it affects the revenue of the business (Ouelch, Bonventre, 2017). Prime supermarket should consider all these points and after that they should decide the value of their product. Prime supermarket should provide good quality products as poor quality goods increases wastage that results in inc reasing purchasing cost. Suppliers of prime supermarket should deliver products on time, so that efficiency of the business can be maintained. For this purchasing officer of supermarket should maintain proper communication with their suppliers. Purchasing officer should identify their long term suppliers and should maintain a strong relationship with them which helps in cost reduction (Weele, 2009). Purchasing officer should identify some internal goals to maintain cost of the company, for this different policies are implemented into the company that product can only be purchased by approved suppliers (Ouelch, Bonventre, 2017). Prime supermarket should select their suppliers properly, which can help them in reducing purchasing cost. Supplier selection criteria involve different stages listed as follows:- Identification of possible suppliers- For sustaining in todays competitive environment, business has to make changes and should do innovations (WONG, 2017). Business should identify new suppliers with maintaining existing suppliers. This stage focuses on searching different suppliers for the business. Prime supermarket should identify those suppliers who can bring better results as compared to existing one (WONG, 2017). Asking for suppliers information- After recognizing possible suppliers, another stage is of asking information related to suppliers goods or services and their qualities which make them different from other suppliers. Performance proposal is also issued to show whether the supplier will be able to fulfil the requirements of the business. Quote request is issued to know the specification of product (Kleemann, 2012). Terms of contract- This stage explains about the contract between buyer and its suppliers as the information which was asked from supplier that gets converted into the form of contract. This contract comprises with all the details, responsibilities and duties of supplier. Process of negotiation- As we discussed above about the terms of contract that includes duties, responsibilities and payment details, these terms are negotiable. Supplier and buyer both do negotiating in favor of their terms (Altin, 2010). Evaluation of supplier and award of contract- In this stage buyer checks earlier performance of the supplier to evaluate whether the supplier will be able to perform properly or not (Kleemann, 2012). Suppliers are ranked according to their performance and according to that they get the contract. Research on supplier selection- This stage focuses on two points, one point is to find out the right criteria and method to evaluate supplier. Second point focuses on negotiation with the supplier, terms of contract and bringing out information that supplier do not want to reveal (Altin, 2010). ICT for purchasing operation Information and communication technology tools are very useful for all the organizations in terms of providing important information quickly that makes work easy and help in sustaining into the competitive environment (Nwokeafor, 2015). ICT enabled communication between different departments of company that made information sharing fast and fulfilled demands of customers on time (Nwokeafor, 2015). Company should install ICT tools, this will provide benefits to them as it results in saving cost, reducing wastage and ultimately business will make high profits (Cline, 2014). Importance of electronic business is increasing day by day, scattering of internet that increases the awareness of information technologies. For achieving organizational goals ICT tools are providing great support to human activities. Hence, process of decision making and transferring of data is faster (Cline, 2014). Tools of information and communication technology are Barcoding, Radio frequency identification, Ent erprise resource planning, Material resource planning, etc. Some of them are explained below. Bar coding- Barcodes are clear demonstration of material through computer. Initially, data stored in barcodes used to be in widths and equivalent lines with spacing, at present barcodes arises in different shapes and designs (Craig, 2008). Different scanners are available for reading barcodes they are known as barcode reader. Flow of products and information of business is faster through barcodes. Barcoding is used to keep all the information of the stock (Craig, 2008). Radio frequency identification- It comprises with a silicon chip that holds an identification number and an antenna that transfer the number into evaluating device. RFI helps in managing inventory and information of bulk stock can be identified in short period of time (Craig, 2008). Enterprise resource planning- ERP is a very useful device for every business as it maintain all the information of different departments. It helps manager to known about the problems and points which are lacking in the functioning of different departments (Lawrence, 2012). ERP involves different modules such as marketing, finance, human resource, manufacturing, etc. Material resource planning- MRP helps in production planning as it arrange all the operations sequence wise. MRP focuses on providing all the information and sequence of production before it is required. Proper track of orders are maintained by MRP at the time of manufacturing (Lawrence, 2012). Recommendation ICT tools help in improving the performance of supply chain that is considered to be an important element in all the organizations which deal in the manufacturing and logistics of the products. Business has to understand the importance of installing ERP into its processes as it is very beneficial. Tools of Information and communication technology should be installed into the purchasing department of Prime supermarket to increase the speed of data sharing and there will be reduction in the time taken to deliver the productivity. Innovative and sound models should be developed by the researcher in coming future. Purchasing cost analysis Purchasing of goods and services involve some cost, that need to be analyzed regularly. Different tools are available for analysis of purchasing cost they are- Cost analysis- While purchasing goods its actual cost is considered that include delivery cost, packing cost and maintenance cost (Blischke, 1993). Business appoint some of the suppliers who demand advanced payments. If supermarket is ordering goods which involve movement of more than one people then they have to make the payment in advance that increases the actual cost which is more than the cost of product (Blischke, 1993). Proper analysis should be done by prime supermarket to know the total purchasing cost. Inventory analysis- Cost of the product includes different charges like storing cost, maintenance cost as well as cost of unavailability of goods for sale. Inventory analysis is important to know detail about the stock that is available. It can help in forecasting about future stock to be ordered (Sherbrooke, 2006). Suppliers analysis- Prime supermarket has a number of suppliers, this shows that they should not get depend on one supplier as it can be harmful for the business. Purchasing officer of prime supermarket should maintain good relations with their suppliers as they can provide stock at discounted price. Besides this officer should regularly check the stock supplied by different suppliers. Maverick spending- Price of goods may vary from supplier to supplier, for this prime super market should analyze price properly before placing the order as small amount also matters a lot for the business. Delivery time analysis- Supplier should provide stock in time as it affects the image of business. Perishable goods should be handled properly as they get spoiled easily. Prime supermarket is one of the leading supermarket chain in Singapore. Supermarket is using multiple sourcing of supply as it provides different categories of goods that need different suppliers for the business. Prime supermarket provide good quality of products at reasonable price because their main focus is to deliver good services to their customers. Prime supermarket regularly analyze their suppliers that helps in reduction in the cost of purchase. Cost ratio is a method used in retail for valuation of inventory at the end of particular time period. It is calculated by dividing available goods cost with available goods retail value (Robinson, et al 2015). Linear averaging method include linearly weighted moving average that allocate a higher weighted to current value. It can be calculated by multiplying closing prices with its definite place in the data series (Burd, 2007). Activity based costing is a method that allocates indirect cost to products by recognizing all the activities that takes place in the business (Goektuerk, 2007). Connection among the products, costs and activities is reflected through this method. Sometimes it is difficult to assign indirect cost through this method (Goektuerk, 2007). Conclusion Report is explaining purchasing management of Prime supermarket that is one of the leading supermarket chain in Singapore. According to the above discussion it can be concluded that purchasing management is very important for Prime supermarket. Purchasing manager is the one who handles all the activities of purchasing department. They should identify elements that are disturbing the cost of products and should take corrective actions to eliminate them. Suppliers of prime supermarket should provide good quality of products in time. Criteria that should be considered for suppliers selection are Identification of possible suppliers, asking for suppliers information, Terms of contract, Process of negotiation, Evaluation of supplier and award of contract and Research on supplier selection. Prime supermarket use multiple sources of purchasing for that they have to appoint different suppliers. For this they should identify suppliers who will provide them good quality of product on time and should reveal past performance of their business. Information and communication technology is also discussed in above report. ICT is important for business for keeping records of available stock that helps in forecasting about the future stock to be ordered. Tools available for Information and communication technology are Barcoding, Radio frequency identification, Enterprise resource planning and Material resource planning. ICT tools are considered to be important for business as it helps in improving performance of supply chain. Prime supermarket should adopt information and communication tools in their business that can make work faster and products can be delivered on time. It will also help in saving the cost of the product. Tools for analyzing purchasing cost are Cost analysis, Inventory analysis, Suppliers analysis, maverick spending, Delivery time analysis. Prime supermarket should consider all the purchasing cost analysis tools as it will lead to increase in the profits of the business. Report also explains cost ratio and activity based costing that is important for business. References Altin, G. (2010). Global Purchasing and Supply: Case Study in Purchasing. GRIN Verlag. Blischke, W. (1993). Warranty Cost Analysis. CRC Press. Burd, V. (2007). Method of Averaging for Differential Equations on an Infinite Interval: Theory and Applications. CRC Press. Cline, H. F. (2014). Information Communication Technology and Social Transformation: A Social and Historical Perspective. Routledge. Craig, V. S. (2008). Information Communication Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global. Goektuerk, H. (2007). Activity-Based Costing (ABC) - Advantages and Disadvantages. GRIN Verlag. Kleemann, F. C. (2012). An Evaluation of Supplier Selection Methods in Strategic Procurement. GRIN Verlag. Lawrence, T. A. (2012). Learning Tools and Teaching Approaches through ICT Advancements. IGI Global. Moser, R. (2007). Strategic Purchasing and Supply Management: A Strategy-Based Selection of Suppliers. Springer Science Business Media. Nwokeafor, C. U. (2015). Information Communication Technology (ICT) Integration to Educational Curricula: A New Direction for Africa. University Press of America. Ouelch, J Bonventre, K. C. (2017). Better marketing at the point of purchase. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/1983/11/better-marketing-at-the-point-of-purchase Prime supermarket, (2017). About us. Retrieved from https://www.primesupermarket.com/about-us/ Robinson, T. R., Henry, E., Pirie, W. L. P., Broihahn, M. A. (2015). International Financial Statement Analysis Workbook. John Wiley Sons. Sherbrooke, C. C. (2006). Optimal Inventory Modeling of Systems: Multi-Echelon Techniques. Springer Science Business Media. Weele, A. J. V. (2009). Purchasing and Supply Chain Management: Analysis, Strategy, Planning and Practice. Cengage Learning EMEA. WONG, Y. K. (2017). Integrating Environmental Criteria into the Supplier Selection Process. Open Dissertation Pres

The Essence of Chinatown Essay Example

The Essence of Chinatown Essay It is Chinese New Year. The hustle and bustle of trade, the haggling of prices fills the air as people jostle through the crowd to buy that kilogram of barbecued pork, or that bunch of golden rat-shaped decorations to welcome the year of the Rat. However, many people simply run through the epicentre of joyful noise and energy that can only be Chinatown without stopping to wonder at the past it possesses and the reason for its existence in a predominantly Chinese Singapore. Modern day Chinatown I stand silently at the start of Pagoda Street and look down from my vantage point of an overhead bridge to see a place that embodies the very story of Chinatown is the Chinatown Heritage Centre. Sitting right in the center of Chinatown, it is a quaint shop house that has been converted into a wealth of memories and untold stories. These stories are showed to the public on three different levels and exhibit the lives of early settlers. It traces the evolution and growth of both Chinatown and the Chinese people of Singapore, from coolie workers and maids to bosses and politicians. The Heritage Centre shows why Chinatown is the way it is in modern day Singapore. It tells the story of a place that never really sleeps through an exhibit called â€Å"Where the day never ends† and tells us of how Chinatown was always rampant with festive mood during celebrations like the Lunar New Year. Like present day Chinatown, the Chinatown of the past was an energetic place whenever Chinese festivals were around the corner. We will write a custom essay sample on The Essence of Chinatown specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Essence of Chinatown specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Essence of Chinatown specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When asked about what the Heritage Centre taught him, a secondary school student whom I interviewed on location told me, â€Å"This place shows us that that every Chinese person had a stake in Chinatown. It also teaches me not to forget my roots,† The Heritage Centre, for many youth, also carries a cautionary tale against the four vices of life. An exhibit details the lives of people who have fallen to opium smoking, prostitution, gambling and secret societies and is still a relevant warning to today’s Chinese population in Singapore about the dangers of indulging in forbidden pleasures. A Prostitute’s Room I asked one shopper why she went to Chinatown to visit the Heritage Centre and I was told that, â€Å"Chinatown is the place many Chinese had lived in the past. I am a Chinese and I really like to know what my roots are,† What she said clearly highlights to us why Singapore needs a Chinatown: Cultural identity. The Heritage Centre tells us that Chinatown has existed ever since Singapore was conceptualised as a colonial state. The place was characterised by shop houses that possessed five-foot walkways and cramped quarters on the upper floors. Large scale immigration forced occupants of Chinatown to stay in small, cramped and sordid cubicles that lacked proper sanitation and facilities. People squeezed together, sometimes seven in cubicle. However, Chinatown was more than just a living quarter for the Chinese migrants who came by boat from mainland China. It was a retail location for uniquely Chinese goods, a uniquely Chinese socialisation ground which gave birth to the coffee shops that we see in contemporary Singapore. A life-sized model of such coffee shops can be seen in the Heritage Centre. Chinatown was, most importantly, a place representative of escape from oppression, poverty and injustice in mainland China. My late great-grand mother, who came from China with nothing but the clothes on her back once told me that, â€Å"Chinatown, although small, cramp and noisy, was the home away from home for many, a place where Chinese people put down new roots and built new lives for themselves and their descendants. † I believe that this spirit of emancipation and determination to make it in the world is what is so beautiful about Chinatown’s Heritage Centre. While Singapore is a multi-racial nation that does not discriminate creeds, race or religion, it is undeniably mixed in its racial denominations to a very high degree. As such, people need to hold on to their cultural identity. Unlike many other countries where Chinese are not the dominant race and thus need a Chinatown, Singapore’s Chinese population needs a Chinatown not to give them a sense of home, but to satisfy a deep-seated need to retain the uniqueness of being Chinese while becoming Singaporean all the time. Chinese, like all other races, need a place where we can identify with both culturally and, on a deeper level, spiritually. We need a place that tells us who we are and where we really came from and Chinatown provides us with that cultural belonging and identity. Chinatown is â€Å"where Chinese go to be Chinese and not worry about how we would be looked at, simply because it is Chinatown,† as said by a passer-by when I asked him what Chinatown meant to him as a Chinese person. When I started primary research, I did not expect such a deep-rooted sense of belonging to Chinatown in the Chinese people because even I, a Chinese, did not have great attachment for the place. However, I have come to understand that Chinatown is more than a place. It is a record book, a place that history has etched its mark on to educate and enlighten future generations of Chinese people. Therefore, the true idea behind why we need a Chinatown in Singapore is because the essence of the Chinese people is the essence of Chinatown.

History of the World in 6 Glasses Essays

History of the World in 6 Glasses Essays History of the World in 6 Glasses Essay History of the World in 6 Glasses Essay Chapter 2: Civilized Beer 1. The Land between 2 rivers is the Tigris and Euphrates rivers located in Mesopotamia ( in the Fertile Crescent ) . The World’s first metropoliss arose in Mesopotamia. the land between the watercourses. ’ the name given to the country between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers†¦ ( 24. Standage ) . which meant that around this country most of the people were hardworking. The job about these two rivers though is that they had unexpected implosion therapy and there was small rain. This is why at the clip. goods. alternatively of being offerings to Gods were. compulsory revenue enhancements that were consumed by the temple bureaucratism or traded for other goods and services ( 40. Standage ) . This lone arose though because of the unpredictable conditions and nature of the Mesopotamian environment. 2. Mesopotamia and Egypt had many differences. . but they were both similar in one thing. Both civilizations were made possible by an agricultural excess. in peculiar an entree of grain ( 25. Standage ) . It funded many a huge sum of public works/constructions to be possible such as canals. temples and pyramids and besides freed a little elite of decision makers and craftsmen from the demand to bring forth their ain nutrient. Grain was the chief national diet in both Mesopotamia and Egypt. refereed to as edible money because it was consumed in both liquid and solid signifier. 3. †¦ Grain was the footing of the national diet in both Egypt and Mesopotamia ( 26. Standage ) . it was consumed as non merely beer. but bread excessively. Many people supplemented themselves with staff of life. beer. day of the months and onions ( sometimes with meat and of class extra veggies ) ; Dates provided vitamin A. beer provided vitamin B and everything else added up to 3. 5000 to 4. 000 Calories. They both had different ways of seeing how beer should really be used sometimes but they both used it in the same manner most of the clip. for pleasance and to fulfill. 4. Gilgamesh was a Sumerian sort who ruled around 2700 BCE and Tells s narrative that includes a wild adult male that becomes human by being introduced to beer and nutrient by a adult female. He drank the veer-seven jugs! – and became expansive and American ginseng with joy†¦ He was elated and his face glowed†¦ he splashed his bushy organic structure with water†¦ and turned into human ( 27. Standage ) . Sumerian myths affected people by picturing the Gods as really fallible. human characters who enjoy eating and imbibing. normally imbibing excessively much ; Sumerian authorship might hold besides inspired how Egyptians get downing authorship. 5. As in Mesopotamia. beer was thought to hold antediluvian and fabulous beginnings. and it appears in supplications. myths. and legends ( 28. Standage ) . non merely in Mesopotamia did they happen beer to be sacred but in Egypt excessively. one narrative even gives credits to beer with salvaging world from devastation. Mesopotamians and Egyptians likewise saw beer as an antediluvian. god given drink that underpinned their being. formed portion of their cultural and spiritual individuality. and had great societal importance ( 29. Standage ) . In both civilizations. without beer. the repast wouldn’t be complete. Beer is one of the grounds that led to the the arising of civilisations. chiefly because it combined different societal groups from high category to low category. from grownups to kids ; it allow people have something in common. something they could portion. no affair how much money you had or even your age. 6. Originally. authorship was invented to enter the aggregation and distribution of grain. beer and other goods ; it arose as a continuance of the Neolithic usage of. using items to account for parts to a communal depot ( 30. Standage ) . Since there was s excess of nutrient. Sumerian metropoliss collected it normally as offerings to Gods. but in pattern were consumed by the temple to assist keep public constructions such as irrigation systems because of the unpredictable Mesopotamian environment. Subsequently though. items were abandoned and pictograms came to stand for Numberss and even Gods excessively. Having started out as a agency of entering revenue enhancement grosss and ration payments. composing shortly evolved into a more flexible. expressive. and abstract medium ( 34. Standage ) . 7. Our modern Latin alphabet can be traced back to the Mesopotamians and Egyptians. After items were abandoned. pictograms came to put picturing Gods and Numberss. By around 3000 BCE composing had evolved a small spot more. The terminal consequence was the first all-purpose signifier of composing. based on cuneate. or cuneiform . indentures made in clay tablets utilizing reeds ( 24. Standage ) . 8. Both civilisations barley and wheat. and their processed solid and liquid signifiers. staff of life and beer. became more than merely staple groceries ; they were convenient and widespread signifiers or payments and currency ( 25. Standage ) . people were paid for their work in loaves of staff of life and jars of beer ; even adult females and kids were paid by this. The usage of staff of life and beer as rewards or currency mean that they became associated with prosperity and wellbeing. The ancient Egyptians identified them so closely with the necessities of life that the phrase bread and beer’ meant nutriment in general ; their combined hieroglyphics formed the symbol for nutrient ( 37. Standage ) . Beer was besides used medically for both Egyptians and Mesopotamians. 9. Since beer. being boiled. was less likely to be contaminated than H2O. it had the advantage of holding ingredients dissolve easy in it. A wedge-shaped tablet from the Sumerian metropolis of Nippur. contains a list of medical formulas based on beer. In Egypt. beer’s usage as a mild depressant was recognized. and it was besides the bass for several medical mixtures of herbs and spices†¦ Half an onion mixed with bubbling beer was said to bring around irregularity. for illustration. while powdery olives assorted with beer cured dyspepsia ; a mixture of Crocus sativus and beer massaged into a woman’s venter was prescribed for labour strivings ( 38. Standage ) . 10. Egyptians believed that their wellbeing in the hereafter depended on holding a satisfying supply of strain and beer. A normal funerary offering consisted of staff of life. beer. cattle. geese. fabric. and natron. a purification agent. Scenes and theoretical accounts of brewing and baking have been found in Egyptian grave. along with jars of beer ( long since evaporated ) and beer-making equipment ( 38. Standage ) . From emperors to ordinary citizens. they were all buried with a little or big jar of beer.

Anthony giddens and fundemental principles, anthony giddens and Essay

Anthony giddens and fundemental principles, anthony giddens and relation between international relations and theories,how these - Essay Example 1-8). International relation depicts the causes of war and condition of peace within the boundaries of different countries under different political frame. It also pinpoints towards the sociological aspects of every country. Through the study of the international relation, one can able to understand the reasons of the uncertainties in the social and political ground based on few principles (Dunne, Kurki & Smith, 2013, pp. 1-12). The given essay depicts the fundamental principles of Anthony Griddens and that of International Relation. The analysis also shows the relation in-between the two principles and what are their limitations. Anthony Griddens and Fundamental Principles: Anthony Giddens works reflected a relinquishment of positivism in the theories that framed timeless commandments of human organization. Griddens theory of Structuration is one of the socialistic theories which showed analysis of the different organizational structure research. The theory deals with certain fundam ental principles. The theory finds its immense contributions towards the functionalism and structuralism in respect of the social tradition. Giddens in his analysis had taken â€Å"structure† as rules and resources used by people for interaction. As per the principles, â€Å"rules are generalized procedures and the methodologies that reflective agents possess in their implicit knowledge of stocks and that they apply a formula in the social system† (Turner, 2003, pp. 972). In this context the Giddens has mentioned the structuring of structure as the unremitting development of production. He criticized the new rules of the sociological method. As per his principle, social theories had a constant association and were affected by the social practices. Social practices had been an essential reconciling moment in between two conventionally established dualisms in the social theory. Social practices found a close proximity with the practical consciousness. In this regard the theory of structuration was outlined which substituted the central belief of duality of structure or the essential reclusiveness of social life. As per the theory, â€Å"Every social actor knows a great deal about the conditions of reproduction of the society of which he or she is a member† (Giddens, 1979, pp. 5). The suggestion made was that the social agents were knowledgeable of the environment in which they reside and they adopt themselves in the similar atmosphere and reproduce which is a conception in the duality of structure. In the principle Giddens also tried to portray an inherent relation in between the agency and power. In this aspect he referred to dialectic of control in collectivities. He stressed upon the fact that those in the minor position in the social structure were the most frequent adaptor of the changing social systems by converting the resources they had possessed so far. The principles of the theory were based upon non-functionalist manisfesto. This elaborated the persistent feature of social life. The principle of ‘relative arbitrariness’ influence the internal symphony of the language. As per Giddens, ‘The arbitrary nature of linguistic sign, and their constitution through difference, are the chief notions by means of which Saussure attempted to explicate langue as system† (Giddens, 1979, pp. 1-13). Author per Tuner (2003), said in this pretext, ‘In defining social theory as an â€Å"external†